REPOSITIONING TEACHERS' CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH PROFESSIONAL LEARNING COMMUNITIES: THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOUR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66811/eije.vol1.no1.87Keywords:
educational leadership behaviour; continuous professional development; professional learning communities; teacher professional learning; teacher effectiveness; school improvementAbstract
This conceptual analysis examines how educational leadership behaviour can reposition teachers’ continuous professional development through professional learning communities in Nigeria. It responds to a persistent problem in teacher development: participation in workshops and centrally organised training does not necessarily produce sustained instructional improvement when schools provide little time, feedback, collegial inquiry or leadership support for implementation. Contemporary scholarship, Nigerian policy evidence and recent meta-analytic research were synthesised around educational leadership behaviour, continuous professional development, professional learning communities, teacher learning and school improvement. Distributed Leadership Theory, Transformational Leadership Theory, Communities of Practice Theory and Adult Learning Theory provide complementary explanations. The analysis shows that leadership behaviour shapes the organisational and relational conditions for professional learning; PLCs connect formal CPD with classroom implementation through collaborative inquiry; trust, protected time and distributed responsibility sustain PLC quality; and professional development affects teaching more reliably when cooperation, coaching, self-regulation and follow-through accompany training. A Leadership-Supported PLC-CPD model is proposed in which leadership creates enabling conditions, PLCs organise inquiry, CPD develops professional knowledge and classroom application provides the route to teacher effectiveness and school improvement. The article concludes that repositioning CPD in Nigeria requires institutional change at school and system levels, not simply more training events.
References
Admiraal, W., Schenke, W., De Jong, L., Emmelot, Y., & Sligte, H. (2021). Schools as professional learning communities: What can schools do to support professional development of their teachers? Professional Development in Education, 47(4), 684–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2019.1665573
Antinluoma, M., Ilomäki, L., & Toom, A. (2021). Practices of professional learning communities. Frontiers in Education, 6, 617613. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.617613
Bada, H. A., Tengku Ariffin, T. F., & Nordin, H. B. (2024). The effectiveness of teachers in Nigerian secondary schools: The role of instructional leadership of principals. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 27(1), 44–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2020.1811899
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press. https://archive.org/details/leadershipperfor0000bass
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper & Row. https://archive.org/details/leadership00burn
Dorukbaşi, E., & Cansoy, R. (2024). Examining the mediating role of teacher professional learning between perceived instructional leadership and teacher instructional practices. European Journal of Education, 59, e12672. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12672
Grimm, F. (2024). Teacher leadership for teaching improvement in professional learning communities. Professional Development in Education, 50(6), 1135–1147. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2023.2264286
Gu, X., Liu, Z., & Hang, Z. (2025). How do various leadership practices affect professional learning communities? The mediating role of principals’ perceived trust by teachers. PLOS ONE, 20(5), e0323055. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323055
Gümüş, S., Kılınç, A. Ç., & Bellibaş, M. Ş. (2022). The relationship between teacher leadership capacity at school and teacher self-efficacy: The mediating role of teacher professional learning. School Leadership & Management, 42(5), 478–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2022.2123791
He, P., Guo, F., & Abazie, G. A. (2024). School principals’ instructional leadership as a predictor of teachers’ professional development. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 9, 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-024-00290-0
Knowles, M. S. (1984). The adult learner: A neglected species (3rd ed.). Gulf Publishing. https://archive.org/details/adultlearnernegl0000know
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815355
Li, Z., Judge, S. K., Ma, X., Du, W., Song, S., & Bailey, R. P. (2026). Professional learning communities in EFL teacher development: A systematic review of impacts and challenges. Professional Development in Education, advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2026.2641592
Lindvall, J., Kirsten, N., Ryve, A., & Gustafsson, J.-E. (2025). A critical review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the effects of the professional development teachers typically receive. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 86, 101482.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2025.101482
Liu, J., Aziku, M., Qiang, F., & Zhang, B. (2024). Leveraging professional learning communities in linking digital professional development and instructional integration: Evidence from 16,072 STEM teachers. International Journal of STEM Education, 11, 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-024-00513-3
Liu, S., Wang, Y., & Yin, H. (2025). A meta-analysis of the correlation between professional learning communities and teachers’ efficacy beliefs. Educational Research Review, 46, 100660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2024.100660
McChesney, K., & Cross, J. (2023). How school culture affects teachers’ classroom implementation of learning from professional development. Learning Environments Research, 26, 785–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-023-09454-0
O’Connor, B., & Park, M. (2023). Exploring the influence of collaborative data-based decision making among teachers in professional learning communities on teaching practice. Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Science Education Research, 5, 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43031-023-00086-1
Oppi, P., & Eisenschmidt, E. (2022). Developing a professional learning community through teacher leadership: A case in one Estonian school. Teaching and Teacher Education: Leadership and Professional Development, 1, 100011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tatelp.2022.100011
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). TALIS 2018 results (Volume II): Teachers and school leaders as valued professionals. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/19cf08df-en
Osiesi, M. P., Odinko, M. N., & Blignaut, S. (2024). Evaluation of the Nigerian government’s mandatory continuing professional development programme for primary school teachers. Discover Education, 3, 274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-024-00380-8
Sancar, R., Atal, D., & Deryakulu, D. (2021). A new framework for teachers’ professional development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 101, 103305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103305
Sasere, O. B., & Makhasane, S. D. (2023). School-based teacher professional development framework (SBTPDF): A blueprint for school principals in Nigeria. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(8), 391–414. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.8.21
Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. B. (2001). Investigating school leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Educational Researcher, 30(3), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X030003023
Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. B. (2004). Towards a theory of leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 36(1), 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022027032000106726
Teachers Registration Council of Nigeria. (n.d.). Mandatory continuing professional development. https://mcpd.trcn.gov.ng/
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2024). Global education monitoring report 2024/5: Leadership in education: Lead for learning. UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.54676/EFLH5184
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2025). Support teachers’ development to improve learning outcomes in Nigeria. UNESCO Core Data Portal. https://core.unesco.org/en/project/3210152011
Universal Basic Education Commission. (2025). UBEC and Federal Ministry of Education launch landmark school improvement and teacher development programmes nationwide. https://ubec.gov.ng/ubec-and-federal-ministry-of-education-launch-landmark-school-improvement-and-teacher-development-programmes-nationwide/
Van den Boom-Muilenburg, S. N., de Vries, S., van Veen, K., Poortman, C., & Schildkamp, K. (2022). Leadership practices and sustained lesson study. Educational Research, 64(3), 295–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2022.2090982
Visscher, A. J., Dmoshinskaia, N., Pellegrini, M., & Rey-Naizaque, A. (2025). (When) do teacher professional development interventions improve student achievement? A meta-analysis of 128 high-quality studies. Educational Research Review, 49, 100742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2025.100742
Wang, N., & An, B. G. (2023). Improving teachers’ professional development through professional learning community: Voices from secondary school teachers at Malaysian Chinese independent schools. Heliyon, 9(6), e17515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17515
Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803932
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. E. C. Okwuagwu (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.